Words in two languages that have similar form and meaning are known as __________. For example, the German words Wein and Bier closely resemble the English words wine and beer, and they have the same meaning.

Amy's parents often spanked her for her misbehavior during her youth. When Amy

becomes a parent, she a. is not very likely to spank her children for their misdeeds. b. is more likely to spank her children for their misdeeds. c. will occasionally use spankings as well as other forms of physical punishment as responses to her children's misdeeds. d. is likely to rely on her husband to mete out the punishment for her children's misdeeds. e. is unlikely to use any form of physical punishment.

According to the authors, every time we make a decision, we experience some amount of dissonance. Why?

a. After people invest effort, they are motivated to second-guess themselves. b. The rejected alternative is seldom completely positive. c. The chosen alternative is seldom completely positive. d. People seldom seek out objective information before decision-making.