Identify the five most influential theories of motivation outlined in the text. Compare and contrast their strengths and/or weaknesses
Answers should mention:?
Maslow's hierharchy of needs theory: this has not been validated by clinical testing. As a classic theory, it demonstrates that satisfied needs do not motivate.
Herzberg's motivation-maintenance (two-factor) theory: he assumes people have higher-order needs and does not include workers who do not have these needs. His contribution was to emphasize the importance of enriched work.
Expectancy theory: based on the assumption that effort or motivation relies on your belief that you can succeed. This "somewhat-mysterious connection" is very powerful. Also, perception, which is difficult to measure, is an important element in this theory.
McGregor's theory X/theory Y: employees perform to their managers' expectations, whether pessimistic or optimistic. The typing of managers is simple and descriptive.
Goal-setting theory: goals may be too easy to achieve when effort is not needed. Appropriate (difficult but not impossible) goals are an excellent self-motivation strategy.
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