Interpretation is facilitated by identifying the variables that have small loadings on the same factor

When an appellate court disagrees with the decision reached by the trial court, the appellate court:

a. reverses the decision b. affirms the decision c. adjusts the decision d. rescinds the decision e. remits the decision

Sandra directed her employer to withhold $500 of her wages each month for deposit to her mother's checking account. Which of the following concepts, constructs, or doctrines is the least helpful in determining how Sandra should report the arrangement for tax purposes?

a. Assignment of Income Doctrine. b. Claim of Right Doctrine. c. All-inclusive Income Concept. d. Ability-to-pay Concept. e. Constructive Receipt Doctrine.