For an accused person, what is the first formal stage of the criminal justice process?

Which of the following accurately describes the role of force as a power resource in the oil crisis of 1973?

a. There was a direct linkage between the length of the embargo and the force projections of the United States, which moved military resources into the Gulf. b. There was no link between security interdependence and oil interdependence because there was no strangulation. c. Strangulation occurred, and so force ceased to become too costly to be used directly (even though it never was). d. Saudi Arabia was able to push the embargo to such extremes because the United States could offer it no long-run security guarantee in the instability of the Middle East. e. There was an indirect linkage between security interdependence and oil interdependence, but force played a background role.

The American constitutional arrangement distributes powers between two levels of government (state and federal). This is called

a. sovereignty. b. enumeration. c. ratification. d. compromise. e. federalism.