One of the primary problems with international declarations and resolutions such as the one agreed upon at the Rio and Cairo conferences is that ratification and enforcement of such agreements remain the responsibility of individual states

What is the key element of the hierarchical East Asian tribute system that Kang identifies?

a. War was frequent. b. China restricted the behavior of the other states in the system. c. Cultural achievements based on status were as important as military power. d. The greatest power in the system, China, pursued an expansionist foreign policy. e. That each system be identically and consistently applied to every state in every situation.

Which of the following is NOT typically present in an authoritarian state?

a. arbitrary arrests b. human-rights abuses c. limited political parties d. media censorship e. significant due process of law