A basic principle governing operant conditioning is that:
a. conditioned stimuli must precede unconditioned stimuli.
b. behaviors are controlled by their consequences.
c. animals can only be conditioned to perform behaviors that appear spontaneously.
d. behaviors are controlled by thoughts and mental processes.
Answer: b
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DSM-5 uses the descriptive approach to classify abnormal behavior because experts do not know what causes mental disorders and because it
a. helps diagnose the underlying cause of a mental disorder. b. is easier to understand. c. helps professionals to agree about the presence or absence of an emotional problem. d. categorizes behavior with a known mental disorder.
A seemingly arbitrary flash "out of the blue," through which the solution to a problem suddenly becomes apparent to you (although you do not consciously know how you "figured it out") is called:
a) brainstorming. b) divergent thinking. c) insight. d) a mental set.