"I don't even bother to follow politics. It's a waste of time for nothing," says Curtis. Curtis is exhibiting ______.

If the U.S. and California constitutions contain the same or similar language on a given subject

a. jurisdiction over interpretation automatically reverts to the federal court system. b. the state courts must follow the federal courts in interpreting the language c. the state courts are free to ignore federal court interpretations. d. the state courts may interpret the language differently, provided that doing so does not violate the constitution or a valid federal law or treaty.

Interest groups offer incentives to join in order to:

a. influence members of Congress. b. gain access to key congressional staff members. c. bribe presidential candidates. d. gain access to congressional leaders. e. overcome the free rider problem.