Name a supply shock that has affected the U.S. economy on more than one occasion

A recent study has revealed that the consumption of coffee is injurious to health. This led to a sharp decline in coffee consumption worldwide. If coffee production accounts for 40% of Richland's GDP, this will lead to a(n)________

A) rise in Richland's inflation rate B) increase in the real interest rate in Richland C) rise in Richland's demand for labor D) fall in Richland's demand for labor

When an emissions tax is imposed on production of a good, the price will be __________ than it would be in the absence of the tax, and the equilibrium quantity will be __________ :

a. higher, higher b. lower, lower c. lower, higher d. higher, lower