The site of many mental processes that are unique to humans (self-awareness, initiative, planning ability, and goal-directed behavior) is the ______ lobe

Kelsey just told her family a really funny joke that she made up herself. In order to use a primary reinforcer to encourage her in her joke-telling, Kelsey's dad might

a. offer her money. b. applaud her appropriate behavior. c. offer her praise for a job well done. d. offer her a piece of candy. e. send her to her room without dinner.

Todd and his siblings have parents who are emotionally abusive to each other. When they engage in heated arguments, they expect Todd to stay quiet and keep the other children under control. They allow the other children to cry and hide, but Todd must stay in the room with them and referee. This is an example of __________.

A. a genotype-environment correlation B. a shared environmental influence C. a nonshared environmental influence D. a protective factor