Fill in the blanks: ________ is defined as a sustained ________ in the purchasing power of money

Make use of the quantity theory of money to solve the following problem

If the Fed has an inflation target of 2% and the velocity of money is constant, by how much should it increase the money supply each year if economic growth is expected to average 3%?

Autonomous consumption spending is consumption spending

a. that is dependent on changes in income b. on durable goods c. that causes the MPC to rise d. that is independent of the level of income e. that causes the MPC to fall