Aggregate demand is defined as the total spending
a. of all consumers, business firms, government agencies, and foreigners on final goods and services produced in the United States.
b. by all consumers, business firms, government agencies, and foreigners in the United States.
c. consumers, businesses, government agencies, and foreigners wish to make in one year.
d. of consumers, businesses, and government agencies on final output.
a
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The fluctuations in both money supply growth and the federal funds rate during 1979-1982 suggest that the Fed
A) had shifted to borrowed reserves as an operating target. B) had shifted to total reserves as an operating target. C) had shifted to the monetary base as an operating target. D) never intended to target monetary aggregates.
The velocity of money is the:
a. rate at which the price index for consumer goods rises. b. multiple by which an increase in government expenditures will cause output to expand. c. average number of times a dollar is used to buy goods and services included in GDP. d. number of times a dollar is taken out of the country during a year.