How do we define anxiety?

To measure animal learning, how did B. F. Skinner define the response?

a. Any movement that depended on a certain brain area (such as the motor cortex) b. Any movement that the animal enjoyed doing (such as running) c. Any movement that included a certain set of muscles (such as flexors in the legs) d. Any movement that produced a certain outcome (such as depressing a lever)

Researchers have studied gender comparisons on a variety of tasks that test memory. Which of the following memory tasks shows no gender difference?

a. memory for events that happened in the past b. memory for abstract shapes c. memory for items that are stereotypically associated with females, such as items in grocery stores d. memory for faces of people from another ethnic group