According to the classical conditioning perspective, panic disorders which result from acquired associations between an internal or external cue and feelings of intense anxiety are known as

Jessica is interested in studying the effects of sibling rivalry on children's self-esteem among families with high stress levels. In this study self-esteem is:

a. a methylation variable b. a control variable c. an independent variable d. a dependent variable

When people are in large crowds and anonymous situations:

a. they conform to the situation's specific norms. b. they become mindless and no longer conform to any social norms. c. they become uninhibited and their sexual urges are released. d. they become combative and their aggressiveness is released.