Discuss the effects of ongoing inflation based on the PPP theory
What will be an ideal response?
Other things equal, money supply growth at a constant rate eventually results in ongoing price level inflation at the same rate as the money supply growth, but changes in this long-run inflation rate do not affect the full-employment output level or the long-run relative prices of goods and services.
The interest rate, however, is affected by continuing growth in the money supply (inflation). This can be shown by combining PPP with the interest parity condition. To show it analytically, recall that the condition of parity between dollar and euro assets is:
R$ = + ( - )/
And according to relative PPP:
( - )/ = ΠUS,t - ΠE,t
If people expect relative PPP to hold, the difference between interest rates offered by dollar and euro deposits will equal the difference between the expected inflation rates, over the relative horizon, in the U.S. and Europe.
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Country A has a capital—labor ratio that is initially twice as big as that of country B, but neither is yet in a steady state. Both countries have the same production function, f(k) = 6k1/2
Country A has a 10% saving rate, 10% population growth rate, and 5% depreciation rate, while country B has a 20% saving rate, 10% population growth rate, and 20% depreciation rate. (a) Calculate the steady-state capital—labor ratio for each country. Does the initial capital—labor ratio affect your results? (b) Calculate output per worker and consumption per worker for each country. Which country has the highest output per worker? The highest consumption per worker?
For those workers who are given fringe benefits such as health insurance and pensions, the additional income this amounts to over and above the average hourly wage can be as much as (for some workers)
a. 10-12% b. 30-40% c. 51-62%% d. 70% or more