Four basic approaches exist to determine R&D budget allocations. What are these approaches?

What will be an ideal response?

The four commonly-used approaches to determining R&D budget allocations are: (1 ) financing as many project proposals as possible; (2 ) using a percentage-of-sales method; (3 ) budgeting about the same amount competitors spend for R&D; and (4 ) deciding how many successful new products are needed and working backward to estimate the required R&D investment.