Which of the following is NOT a common method for studying genetic influences?

Though easily confused, negative reinforcement and punishment are quite different. With negative reinforcement, behavior __________ when the aversive stimulus is ____________, and with punishment, behavior __________ when the aversive stimulus is ________

a. increases; removed; increases; introduced b. increases; removed; decreases; introduced c. decreases; removed; increases; introduced d. decreases; introduced; increases; removed

Which statement correctly describes the research findings on multilingualism?

a) Although the percentage of the American population considered multilingual is relatively high, most multilingual children in the United States are from families of recent immigrants. b) Many multilinguals attend rural schools where cross-national and urban migration necessitate multilingual abilities. c) The policy of the European Community requires schools to teach two foreign languages in addition to the students’ native language. d) Most African countries teach children English during the first 2 to 3 years of primary school.