Positive reinforcement tends to __________ the probability of a response. Negative reinforcement tends to __________ the probability of a response

Suppose that you are reading an article about visual imagery. The researchers point out that experimenter expectancy might have influenced the results of this study. One example of this possibility would be:

a. the participants tried to ruin the researchers' results by refusing to follow directions. b. the participants tried to answer as quickly as possible, so they could leave early. c. the researchers' expectations could have influenced the participants' responses. d. the researchers used a heuristic when trying to explain the results of this study..

Which of the following is true of the prevalence of schizophrenia in men and women?

a.) Men are usually diagnosed with schizophrenia before the age of 15, while women are usually diagnosed after the age of 30. b.) Men are diagnosed with schizophrenia far more often than women. c.) Equal numbers of men and women receive a diagnosis of schizophrenia. d.) Women tend to have much higher rates of schizophrenia, which is theoretically related to higher levels of estrogen in their blood.