Why does the "functional hole" of a lack of provision for the welfare of citizens on the part of the state exacerbate the problem of organized crime, as described by Williams?

a. It makes state officials vulnerable to government interference.
b. It lowers the overall socioeconomic status of state citizens.
c. Organized crime groups can step in to fulfill the function and earn the loyalty of citizens.
d. It makes discarded state employees vulnerable to cultic factions.
e. It increases the unemployment rate, leaving many people homeless and vulnerable.

Answer: c