Each time a rat pushes a bar, an electric shock is reduced in strength. So, the rat pushes the bar
more and more often. This is called
A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) positive punishment
D) negative punishment
B
Psychology
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Many researchers have suggested that __________ may be the social phenomenon that contributes significantly to the high incidence of high blood pressure among African Americans
a) salt consumption b) unemployment c) historical racism d) crime
Psychology
The greater the __________ in a study, the more confidence the researcher has in concluding that the independent variable caused the change in the dependent variable
a. extraneous variability b. external validity c. nonsystematic variability d. internal validity
Psychology