It is not defect itself that produces striving in the individual, but rather the person's ______________ toward the defect that produces the striving

Which of the following has been found to have a negative effect on our olfactory system?

a. Drinking caffeinated beverages b. Alzheimer's disease c. Gum disease and tooth decay d. Overexposure to loud noises

By pairing their products with pleasant images and music on television, advertisers often try to create positive vicariously

a. CAIs b. CERs c. desensitizations d. stimulus discriminations