The contagion effect refers to the fact that
A) deposit insurance has eliminated the problem of bank failures.
B) bank runs involve only sound banks.
C) bank runs involve only insolvent banks.
D) the failure of one bank can hasten the failure of other banks.
D
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Merger guidelines developed by the U.S. Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission use the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index as a measure of concentration. This index measures concentration in an industry by
A) adding up the market shares of all firms in the industry, squaring this number and then dividing by the number of firms in the industry. B) squaring the market shares of each firm in an industry and then adding up the values of the squares. C) determining the market shares of the four largest firms in the industry, but unlike the concentration ratio, the Index includes sales in the United States by foreign firms. D) squaring the four-firm concentration ratio of the industry and dividing this number by the total number of firms in the industry.
In which of the following situations, is a barrier to entry into a monopoly least likely to exist?
a. A large firm enjoys economies of scale. b. The tariffs on foreign goods are eliminated by the government. c. A company is the sole inventor of what it produces and no one else can make a good substitute. d. Government restrictions such as license requirements are enacted. e. A company is the only owner of an essential resource needed to produce its product.