In Great Britain, civil servants are directed explicitly by the ministers in charge of their departments. In the United States, civil servants often must obey both the heads of their agencies and

?Devolution is defined as

A. the transfer of government power from the national government to state governments. B. ?the transfer of power from state governments to local governments. C. ?the transfer of government from federalism to confederalism. D. ?the process of moving from dual federalism to cooperative federalism. E. ?None of these choices is true.

In a(n) __________ structure, subordinates report to the president through a clear chain of command headed by a chief of staff.

A. linear B. intuitive C. ad hoc D. circular E. pyramid