If the executives of the U.S. silicon-chip industry lobby Congress for protection from imports on the grounds that the military should have an unrestricted domestic supply of silicon chips, they are using the:

The evidence on the potential for input substitution in the service sector suggests that:

A) there may be more opportunities for input substitution than was previously thought, especially in areas such as health care, financial services, and the even the fine arts. B) the traditional view that the potential for input substitution is extremely limited is correct. C) while one or two areas of the service sector may see a small amount of input substitution, most areas will see little or none. D) input substitution will only be feasible so long as the production process requires a relatively small amount of labor to begin with.

If a firm is experiencing constant returns to scale

a. long-run average total cost neither rises nor falls as production increases b. average fixed cost is zero c. the increase in average variable cost is exactly offset by a decrease in average fixed cost d. the decrease in average variable cost is exactly offset by an increase in average fixed cost e. long-run average total cost is zero.