In the Bakke case, the Supreme Court ruled that
A. affirmative action programs were allowable in law schools, but not to be utilized in medical schools.
B. race cannot be the sole factor in admissions decisions.
C. all affirmative action programs were unconstitutional.
D. race cannot be considered as a factor at all in making admissions decisions.
E. quota systems are constitutional.
Answer: B
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Which of the following statements best characterizes the difference in how the concept of human nature is perceived by Morgenthau and Tickner?
a. They do not differ greatly on their perceptions of human nature. b. Morgenthau is more optimistic than Tickner about the potential for positive change in human nature over time. c. Morgenthau perceives it to be objectively given and unchanging, whereas Tickner views it as subjective and variable over time. d. Tickner perceives biological differences to be more important to an understanding of human nature than does Morgenthau. e. While acknowledging the importance of gender differences, Morgenthau perceives the masculine characteristics of human nature to be more relevant for analysis because most political leaders are men. Tickner believes both feminine and masculine characteristics need to be taken into account.
Voluntary associations of people that come together with an agreed-upon set of political and policy objectives and who attempt to pull the levers of political power in the service of these defined goals are known as ______.
a. citizen counsels b. political action committees c. social movements d. interest groups