Which contemporary view of behavior is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the process of natural selection?

What is the assertion of the psychodynamic paradigm?

a. Feelings, thoughts, and behaviors are shaped by the unconscious. b. Behavior is a function of environment. c. Behavior is a function of biology. d. Normal behavior is caused by unconscious mental conflicts that have roots in early childhood experience.

Pretest sensitization occurs when

a. pilot testing identifies a problem with the independent variable b. participants refuse to participate after the pretest c. pretesting heightens experimenter expectancies d. completing a pretest changes how participants respond to the independent variable e. participants are not randomly assigned to experimental conditions