Pavlov’s dogs learned that the sound of a researcher’s footsteps meant that the dogs would soon be given meat powder. What used to be a neutral stimulus (the sound of researchers footsteps) then caused the dogs to salivate. Salivating at the sound of a person’s footsteps is an example of _____.

In a study by Passarotti et al. (2003), researchers showed children and adults one face for half a second, and then another face for half a second. Participants pressed buttons to indicate whether the faces were the same or different. Brain activation occurred in the same areas for adults and children

a. but covered a larger area of the brain in children than adults, indicating greater efficiency in the adults. b. but covered a smaller area of the brain in children than adults, indicating greater efficiency in the adults. c. and covered a similar amount of area in the brain in children and adults, indicating equal degrees of efficiency. d. but was more disorganized in children than in adults.

Petra looked directly into a very bright light and damaged her retina. The ophthalmologist has told her that she has sustained massive damage to her cones, but for the most part her rods have not been affected. One change that you could predict for Petra's vision is that she will now have

a. poor vision in low illumination. b. poor peripheral vision. c. no color vision. d. more accurate depth perception.