Which of the following statements provides an accurate definition of “cognitive closure”?
a. Policy makers who use their decisions as evidence that their assessment of the problem at hand is correct
b. Policy makers whose desire to reach a quick decision overrides their caution and examination of alternative strategies
c. Policy makers who seek out information that reinforces their views while ignoring contradictory information
d. Policy makers who use their previous decisions in similar cases to help them decide future ones
b. Policy makers whose desire to reach a quick decision overrides their caution and examination of alternative strategies
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Which Court was one of the most active in shaping public policy in the twentieth century?
a. Rehnquist b. Warren c. Fortas d. Chase
Which president made frequent use of the National Security Council?
A) Johnson B) Eisenhower C) Kennedy D) all of the above E) none of the above