Dividing the total sums of squares by the degrees of freedom (N-1) in an ANOVA leaves us with:

Compared to children in the control condition, children who watched adult models hit inflatable dolls were _________________.*

a. less likely to respond with similar behavior when given access to the inflatable dolls b. more likely to respond with similar behavior when given access to the inflatable dolls c. more likely to respond with similar behavior even when inflatable dolls were not available d. equally likely to play with other items even when presented with the inflatable dolls

Children who are bilingual ______________

a. are usually behind their single-language counterparts in meta-linguistic skills b. take longer to master the second language when they learn it after already becoming fluent in the first language c. learn the second language better after age 12 because they have a more sophisticated understanding of syntax by this point in development d. score lower on tests of metalinguistic skills but higher on IQ tests