Research suggests that most people have high self-esteem and distorted, overly positive views about themselves. How are people able to consistently fool themselves? Discuss at least three different "strategies" or "factors" that enable people to maintain these views
What will be an ideal response?
a . People are able to fool themselves by engaging in
i. the self-serving bias, the tendency to make more internal attributions (than warranted) for positive events, and more external attributions (than warranted) for external events.
ii. self-handicapping, the tendency to intentionally place oneself at a disadvantage when one anticipates failure (such that failures can be attributed to the disadvantages, and successes can be perceived as all the more impressive).
iii. a tendency to be more critical of negative feedback (bearing upon the self) than positive feedback (bearing upon the self).
iv. a tendency to attend to and remember positive feedback (bearing upon the self) more than negative feedback (bearing upon the self).
v. a tendency to compare oneself to others who are slightly worse than oneself.
vi. a tendency to see one's negative traits as relatively common and one's positive traits as relatively rare.
vii. a tendency to define traits in ways that reflect well upon the self.
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The Bobo doll studies of aggression demonstrated that ________.
a. changing efficacy expectations can facilitate behavioral change b. expectancies vary across situations c. children will imitate positive but not negative behaviors d. learning can occur vicariously through observation
Regarding differences in the performances of males and females, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The differences that do exist between women and men are based on individual performances, not on averages. b. Scores for women and men overlap so much that it is impossible to predict if any one person will be good or bad at math or language simply by knowing their gender. c. Female and male scores on the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) are rapidly becoming more alike. d. Most male-female performance gaps can be traced to social differences in the power and opportunities given to men and women.