Which of the following is an original idea created by Freud, and not his predecessors??

________ are more likely to experiment with cigarettes

A) African-American children and children in higher socioeconomic status households B) White children and children in higher socioeconomic status households C) African-American children and children in lower socioeconomic status households D) White children and children in lower socioeconomic status households

Piaget believed that children

a. are passively shaped by their experiences. b. actively try to make sense of their world. c. learn through a series of reinforcements and punishments. d. face a series of conflicts or challenges as they develop.