Research conducted with rats has shown that, in the drug state discrimination task, nicotine will fully substitute for

Organizations with higher morale tend to be more effective than organizations with less morale; most managers

a. measure morale but make no effort to improve morale. b. measure morale and make an effort to improve it. c. don't measure morale or overestimate the level of morale in their organizations. d. don't measure morale or underestimate the level of morale in their organizations. e. don't measure morale but instead measure absenteeism and turnover rates.

The effect of stress and emotion on memory seems to depend on the attentional mode of control that is present when an emotional event, such as a crime, occurs. In the _______ mode, novel, surprising and interesting events will be remembered best

a) activation b) arousal c) encoding d) misinformation