Identify the term used by Herzberg to describe the job conditions whose absence caused job dissatisfaction, but their presence does not cause strong motivation

a. Maintenance factors
b. Self-motivation
c. Selective motivation
d. Ineffective motivation

A
Although employees are dissatisfied by the absence of some job conditions, the presence of those conditions does not cause strong motivation. Herzberg called such conditions maintenance factors or hygiene factors, since they are necessary to maintain a minimum level of need satisfaction.