If you are comparing four independent groups, and the outcome variable is interval or ratio, you should conduct a(n)

Hayley ate curried chicken salad. Hours later, she was vomiting due to a bad bout of the flu. Because she knows that the vomiting was due to the flu and not the food, what is likely to happen?

a) She will definitely not develop a food aversion to curried chicken salad since she knows it was caused by the flu. b) She will definitely develop a food aversion to curried chicken salad. c) She may develop a food aversion to curried chicken salad. d) She may develop a food aversion to all types of chicken.

Cause-and-effect conclusions can be drawn from the results of an experiment because

a. it is almost always performed in a laboratory setting. b. statistical analysis can be applied to data from an experiment. c. the independent variable is manipulated while other possible causes of change in the dependent variable are held constant. d. several groups of subjects, not just one sample, are typically investigated in a laboratory experiment.