Common causes for weaning failure include which of the following? 1. Myocardial ischemia 2. Critical illness polyneuropathy 3. Psychological dependence 4. Secondary polycythemia
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1, 2, and 3 only
c. 3 and 4 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
ANS: B
Myocardial ischemia may occur frequently among ventilator-dependent patients and has been associated with weaning failure. Critical illness polyneuropathy has been cited as a frequent cause of neuromuscular weaning failure among critically ill patients. Unsuspected neuromuscular dis-ease may be an important factor in ventilator dependency. Inability to wean can sometimes be attributed to psychological dependence, poor oxygenation status, or cardiovascular instability (congestive heart failure or ischemia).
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