When people overcome impoverishment or some type of personal tragedy and achieve outstanding success, they are illustrating the positive defense mechanism known as

Darwin first conceived the idea of evolution by natural selection while he was

a. aboard the HMS Beagle. b. in his study examining his specimens. c. reading a book by Malthus entitled Population. d. studying beak differences in South American finches. e. reading a paper by Alfred Wallace.

Regarding latent learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Just satisfying curiosity can be enough to reward latent learning. b. Latent learning remains hidden until reinforcement is provided. c. Latent learning is directly associated with respondent conditioning. d. In humans, latent learning is related to higher-level abilities, such as anticipating future reward.