Well-functioning financial markets

Two companies, Dirty Inc. and Filthy Inc., each of which has access to 5 different production processes, each of which has a different cost and produces a different amount of pollution. The daily costs of the processes and the number of tons of smoke emitted are shown in the table below.Process(smoke/day) A(4 tons/day) B(3 tons/day) C(2 tons/day) D(1 ton/day) E(0 tons/day) Cost to Dirty Inc. ($/day) $110$200$380$740$1,460 Cost to Filthy Inc. ($/day) $400$430$490$580 $700If the City Council imposes a tax of $91 per day on each ton of smoke emitted, then what will be the total cost to society of the resulting reduction in pollution?

A. $180 B. $360 C. $90 D. $270

Suppose Joe has a reliable two-year old Honda Civic that's in excellent condition and that he would be willing to sell for $13,000. Lauren, who is risk-neutral, is considering whether to buy Joe's car. She's willing to pay $14,000 for a two-year Honda Civic that is reliable and only $10,000 for one that's not reliable. Lauren cannot tell whether Joe's car is reliable, but she believes that only 20 percent of two-year old Hondas for sale in the market are reliable and that the other 80 percent are not reliable. To Lauren, Joe's car looks just like every other two-year Honda that's for sale. What's the most Lauren is willing to pay for Joe's car?

A. $14,000 B. $13,000 C. $10,000 D. $10,800