Research into the universality of facial expressions has revealed which of the following phenomena?

a. Babies can learn to express happiness with a frown if their parents consistently model such expressions.
b. Higher animals, including chimpanzees and orangutans, use the same facial muscles in the same proportions as human beings when expressing fear, anger, happiness, or surprise.
c. Blind children who have never seen a facial expression will express emotions with the same expressions as sighted people.
d. In cultures where the expression of emotions is considered inappropriate, facial expressions differ significantly from cultures where emotions are more freely expressed.

Answer: C