Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship of the amount of sleep that an individual receives as a function of age?
A) We require more sleep as we age.
B) As we age, we tend to need less sleep.
C) We require much sleep during infancy and early childhood, less sleep in adolescence and early adulthood, and then more sleep in middle and older age.
D) The amount of sleep we require does not follow a consistent pattern as we age.
Answer: B
Rationale: Researchers have found that we need much less sleep—especially a type called REM sleep that we will discuss in a moment—as we move from infancy and early childhood, and the trend even continues into adulthood.
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Three-year-olds
A) use an adult grip pattern to hold a pencil. B) vary their pencil grip, depending on the location of marks they want to make. C) use a constant pencil angle across a range of drawing and writing. D) grip pencils indiscriminately in either their left or right hand.
According to Arthur Staats's concept of basic behavioral repertories, personality consists of behaviors
that A) are basically the same in everyone. B) build from basic stepping-stones to more complicated later behavior. C) can be unlearned as easily as they are learned. D) include overt, physical behaviors but do not include language or speech.