A group of mental disorders that are characterized by real, multiple, and involuntary physical symptoms that have no known physical causes are called:

Ellis has been diagnosed with a schizoid personality disorder. Although he may not have hallucinations or delusions, he may have

a. brief psychotic episodes, especially in times of stress. b. laboratory blood work values that indicate the possibility of developing schizophrenia. c. attention deficit disorder related to brain structure abnormalities. d. MRI and PET scan results similar to those of schizophrenics.

Elizabeth was receiving moral treatment while in an early asylum. Which of the following treatments was she most likely to receive?

a) Medication b) Physical restraints c) Purposeful work activities d) No treatment at all