Hala and Chandler found that two-and-a-half to five-year-olds delight in deceiving a second player in a treasure-hunt game by destroying evidence of the location of the treasure or by laying down false trails. These results
a. contradict Piaget's claim that preschoolers are incapable of perspective-taking.
b. support Piaget's claim that preschoolers are incapable of perspective-taking.
c. are irrelevant to the issue of preschoolers' perspective-taking capability.
d. support Piaget's view that perspective-taking first emerges during the sensorimotor stage.
A
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You introduce a friend to a new video game. On her first try, she doesn't do well but she says, "This is fun. I have to climb that ladder more quickly to escape the bombs. Let me try again!" According to Bandura, her optimism reflects:
a. external locus of control. b. environmental feedback. c. positive internal expectancies. d. a low sense of self-efficacy.
People tend to judge as valid those conclusions for which they can construct a real-world model, and judge as invalid those for which they cannot. If your prior knowledge, attitudes,
or values distort your reasoning process by influencing you to accept invalid arguments, you have fallen victim to the ________ effect. FIll in the blank with correct word.