In 1964, the Supreme Court ruled that before a public official can recoverdamages for slander, he or she must prove that

a. the speech presented "a clear and present danger."
b. the slanderous statement was madewith "actual malice."
c. the speaker's intention was minority discrimination.
d. his or her actions did not in some way inspire the slander.

b

Communication & Mass Media

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When a group cannot resolve secondary tension, don't joke about the tensions because it will increase member uneasiness

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Communication & Mass Media

Minimizing how negative people's perceptions are about the event by engaging in activities that enhance the organization's image and/or reduce the impact of the event would fall under the "reduction of offensiveness" strategy of the image repair theory

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Communication & Mass Media