In social facilitation research, the energizing of behavior as a result of the presence of others doing the same thing is called the _____, and when it is the result of the presence of others just watching is called the _____

Imagine that you are a behavioral psychologist. A person you know has such a fear of flying insects that she refuses to go outdoors in the summer. If asked to explain her phobia, you would most likely say that she

a. is being reinforced for not going outdoors by a reduction in anxiety. b. believes that flying insects are symbolic of freedom from dependency. c. clearly has a neurological disorder that is causing her symptoms. d. needs to be shown that her perception that flying insects are dangerous is distorted.

Your uncle Karl, who recently retired, has mentioned how he doesn't sleep as well as he did when he was younger. For many years, he regularly slept about 7–8 hours, but now that he is in his 60s he tends to get only 5–6 hours of sleep per night

What would you tell him? a. Getting less sleep seems to be a common consequence of aging. b. Getting less sleep as we age is not normal, since studies show we need more sleep as we age. c. Getting less sleep is dangerous as we age. People should seek medical intervention to help them sleep. d. Getting less sleep is associated with mental health problems in our later years. Uncle Karl should consider seeing a psychologist