Which of the following Freudian ideas has not been supported by research?

a. The personality being subject to little change after age five
b. The existence of verbal "Freudian" slips
c. The existence of the unconscious
d. The defense mechanism of repression

ANS: A
FEEDBACK: Freud proposed that personality was formed by about the age of 5 and was subject to little change after that. However, although there is no denying that our first 5 years of life affect our personality, it is now obvious that personality continues to develop well beyond that time.