Students in the United States seldom applaud after a lecture, whereas students in Europe often applaud or rap their knuckles on their desks. This cultural difference reflects the power of ________ to influence nonverbal communication

Recall that Ekman and Friesen (1971) have demonstrated that Fore tribespeople from a preliterate culture in New Guinea were able to decode the facial expressions of Westerners and encode emotion easily interpretable by Westerners

Their findings suggest that Darwin was a. right—facial expressions are species specific. b. wrong—facial expressions are culture specific. c. right—facial expressions are culture specific. d. wrong—facial expressions are universal among humans.

Studies of other cultures indicate that

a. gender roles are consistent from one society to another. b. one's innate skills have the greatest impact on the development of gender roles. c. gender roles do not occur naturally, but rather are constructed. d. none of these statements are true.