Cognitive response theory states that people are active processors of information and generate responses to messages, rather than passive recipients of the messages they happen to be exposed to

Believing that sunshine and fresh air will make children ill, the natives in one Guatemalan village isolate their children until they are 13 to 14 months of age (Kagan & Klein, 1973). After this isolation, the children

a. remain apathetic. b. are physically and mentally retarded through adulthood. c. are as intellectually and physically able as American children by age 11. d. regress even further in their physical and emotional development.

While sitting in her playpen, four-month-old Kiko watches her cat knock a lamp off a dresser. As the lamp begins to fall, Kiko seems to know that the lamp will drop straight to the floor. This knowledge appears to indicate that Kiko instinctively understands

a. Piagetian laws of object permanence. b. Skinnerian laws of reinforcement. c. Newtonian laws of object motion. d. Freudian laws of ego formation.