The ______ clause has enabled Congress to become involved in large areas of the American economy, even within states.

Woodrow Wilson believed

a. that the balance of power produced peace but not stability. b. that the balance of power produced stability but not peace. c. that the balance of power should be reestablished after the end of World War I. d. that the balance of power policy caused wars. e. that the balance of power policy prevented wars.

An alternative theory to “punctuated equilibrium” is the concept of “muddling through.” In the context of policymaking, what is the meaning of this concept?

a. progress that is abruptly halted b. political and human factors result in compromise between Congress and the executive c. policymaking in the United States that is rigidly guarded as a process that always balances both sides of the debate d. stability that suddenly goes awry e. long periods of stability that are broken up by sudden and abrupt change