African Americans score, on average, about __________ points lower than Whites on standardized IQ tests in the United States

Punishment occurs every day in families, schools, and workplaces. But often the intended results fail to occur. When punishment must be used, what are five guidelines that should be followed?

What will be an ideal response?

As a consequence for misbehaving, many teachers use "timeout." How does this consequence affect students' behavior?

a. It adds a stimulus to decrease bad behavior. b. It takes away a stimulus to decrease bad behavior. c. It adds a stimulus to increase bad behavior. d. It takes away a stimulus to increase bad behavior.