The gap between what we intend to communicate and what is actually received is called the:

A field interview:

A. occurs spontaneously without prior planning by the interviewer. B. is most effective when conducted over the telephone or e-mail. C. is most effective when the interviewer can draw on terminology, issues, and themes introduced into the conversation by the respondent. D. is rigidly structured with the interviewer asking the same set of questions of each respondent. E. is a simple linear process of asking questions and getting answers.

During Latoya's informative speech on palm reading, she asks her audience to examine their own palms. On a PowerPoint slide, Latoya shows the audience the different lines on the palm and explains how the length influences different aspects of life. By having listeners read their own palms, how did Latoya involve her audience?

A. by polling B. by inviting direct participation C. by posing a hypothetical situation D. by inviting questions