Which ideology tries to achieve collectivist ends by using democratic means?

In considering whether the independent variable was responsible for observed changes in the dependent variable, the type of validity that we would be addressing is

A) external validity. B) internal validity. C) construct validity. D) statistical validity.

The American legal system is based on the assumption that truth will emerge from the clash of opposing interests. This is known as the

a. legal atmosphere. b. adversary system. c. dual-court system. d. class action. e. federalism system.