_____ refers to the changes in government spending and taxation that are aimed at achieving a policy goal

Government transfer payments

A. are subtracted from national income to obtain disposable income. B. can be considered as negative taxes. C. intervene between national product and disposable income in the same way as taxes. D. are counted the same as taxes in computing national income.

One reason why the aggregate supply curve might shift to the left is that:

A. businesses have become more optimistic. B. consumer incomes have increased. C. per-unit production costs have increased. D. government spending has increased.